Behavior Management/ Modification
As most behaviors are learned, it is possible to replace undesirable behaviors in children with adequate more desirable behaviors. However, it is very important to realize that undesirable behaviors are not always outgrown. Much of behavior is shaped y its consequences, that is what happens immediately after the behaviour. Eg. If we want to decrease the strength of a behavior or removes a bad behavior (as well as increasing the strength of a desirable behavior, then a punisher is used. That does not mean spanking or scolding the child. An example of punisher is time-out, or removing something the childlike.
Rules Of Behavior Change:
Behavior is shaped by consequences, through rewards and punishment.
If parents would like to see more of certain behaviors from their children they need to reward them.
If parents would like to see less of some behaviors, they need to:
Punish them with time-out or some form of non-aggressive punishment
Remove the rewards that reinforced the bad behavior in the first place.
Children need different rewards and different non-aggressive punishments to change behavior so are aware of these differences.
In summary we can look at behaviour this way:
A B C
Antecedents Behavior Consequences
Can be Changes behavior can be
Manipulated manipulated.
(Child Development and Effective Parenting, ASM. The Australian Institute Of Professional Counselors).
Relationship Counseling and Conflict Resolution
Relationships involve people in connection with others often over long periods of time. Characteristics of relationships include: attachment, commitment, interdependence, use of resources and change.
People relate on different levels. The intrapersonal level is their relationship with themselves, and the interpersonal level is their relationship with others. The social context is the broader arena in which their relationships take place.
Relationships are important because they are sources of: meaning, happiness and contentment, showing altruism, belonging, intimacy, learning life skills, healing, identity and growth, health, support, security, sharing tasks, companionship, broadening horizons and career success.
Relationships can be sources of considerable suffering, pain and misery. Loneliness and marital breakdown are two forms of relationship distress. Personal factors such as poor relating skills, and social factors such as greater mobility, contribute to loneliness.
The reasons for marital breakdown include: legal reform making divorce easier; personal factors, such as poor relating skills and alcoholism; and social factors, such as the increased financial independence of women.
Values for effective relationships can be loosely divided into traditional and newer values.
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